bamboozled! {it's long}

[innocents]

Hispanic & Latino:
Richard Nixon & The Roman Empire



No one in Latin America has ever
met a Hispanic. They've never seen one. They've heard
that there are Hispanics in the world, but they think
you have to go Dallas to meet one.
-- Richard Rodriguez




The term "Hispanic" is an Anglo-American invention.
In 1972, President Richard Nixon and his administration created the category of Hispanic. It was a response to the Civil Rights Movement and the parallel Chicano Movement that began in the 1960's. It began to be applied in official contexts, beginning with the U.S. Census in 1980, which is used to count ethnic groups in the United States.


The term Latino refers to the original European Conquistadors and invaders from Spain and Portugal. Their languages derive from the Latin language used in the Roman Empire, which included Spain, Portugal, France, and Italy. "Latino" is Spanish for Latin.

The Aztecs, Maya, Inca, "Southwest Pueblo", and other Indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere are not known to have ever spoken Latin, Spanish or Portuguese before the European invasions of the 1500's. Archeological-linguistic evidence supports this.

Thus, the term Latino is European (specifically Mediterranean-Italian) in its orientation.
The term Hispanic refers specifically to Spain and things of Spain (in the same way Germanic means "of Germany"). Many who use the terms as identity are quite unaware of their recent inventions or applications. They regard the terms as always having existed and are oblivious to their own history. The irony of this is that many of these "brown" peoples are in fact using European definitions, designed by Whites to accommodate Whites. Brown peoples were never consulted.

(continued below....)


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COVERS YOU WILL NEVER SEE ON LATINA MAGAZINE




If you are:

dark-skinned
dark and Mexican
Black & Brazilian
Black & Dominican
Black & Cuban
Chicana

then Latina Magazine does not want you on its cover!
(However, you are encouraged to buy the magazine all you want to support YOUR people: Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and White Latin Americans)


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(continued from above....)


The Latino and Hispanic identities are the latest terms promoted and implemented by European-descended people to brand a majority of people who are not European (30% of Mexicans are full-blood Indigenous and 60% are mixed-blood Indigenous).

In recent years, Latino identity has been aggressively promoted by Cubans of Spanish descent, as well as "White" Latin Americans of direct Spanish descent, who have been the privileged elite for the last 500 years. In recent years, "Hispanic" has become the favorite term of Anglo-Americans and the U.S. Government.

During the militant Chicano Movement of the 60's, it became clear to Anglo-American leadership and nearby White Latin American leaders that movements stressing Indigenous identity would pose a serious threat to further White rule. Whereas the African-American Civil Rights movement believed in the fundamental fairness of American society (and integrating into White lifestyles), the Chicano Movement exerted strong overtones of separatism, nationalism, and cultural integrity. Notions of "reclaiming Aztlan" and forming a "bronze nation" were radically different from the pacifist measures advocated by Martin Luther King, Jr or Medgar Evers.

For the African-American Civil Rights Movement, integration and imitation of White lifestyle was "the prize"; for Chicanos, it was "Aztlan": the Chicano Nation. (With the exception of Malcom X and other like-minded individuals, the Black community looked to the integration with White culture.)


What White political authority needed was a tool to divert the non-European consciousness that was brewing among Mexican-Americans and had already made significant gains among African-Americans.

The Euro-American rulership needed a counter-measure that could stifle the growth of non-European movements challenging White/European authority. As mentioned, one such counter-measure came from the Nixon Administration: Hispanic identity.




By using the term "Hispanic" in the Census Bureau and in other government business, the Nixon Administration was able to use official definitions to eliminate or dilute the Chicano-consciousness and American Indian Movement momentum that had awakened among Mexican-American youth and political leaders during the 1960's-1970's.

These nationalistic, non-European (and often anti-Euroamerican) movements were beginning to pose a threat to White rulership and power, because they removed their identities out from under the control of European definitions. In the wake of African-American Civil Rights gains, a second movement (this one much more separatist in nature) made up of non-European rights activists was something the Anglo leadership wanted to keep from reoccurring.

The nationalistic Chicano Movement of the 1960's and 1970's had successfully reawakened questions of historical truthfulness, Mexican identity, land rights, and Chicano-platform politics as a means of bettering the conditions of many suffering Mexicans & Mexican-Americans. In other words, it was about doing what Whites had done for centuries: look out for one's community.





Besides this strategy of ethnic re-definition, another strategy of the Anglo-American power elite was to "reward" Mexican-Americans with attention and media exposure based on the Nixon-invented Hispanic identity of 1972. This came into play after the 1980's, which was dubbed by the Anglo-American media as "The Decade of the Hispanic".

By the 1990's, the plan was working: Chicano identity-consciousness had unraveled (with the help of government intervention), and a "superior" European identity (Hispanic or Latino) was installed in its place by the media and government. Spanish-Anglo interests were once again restored in the minds of the Mexican-American population. Many Chicano activists took small opportunities that allowed them into the "mainstream" American culture, and abandoned their respective Chicano organizations.

Many revered Chicano activists, like Edward James Olmos, had been co-opted into the "Latino" identity where the paychecks were bigger and the cocktail parties were in fancier neighborhoods.





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QUOTABLE:

"We created more organizations and programs for all Chicanos than any previous generation of activists. Our record as builders of the Chicano community remains unmatched and unchallenged by the present generation of Hispanics. The contribution of the Hispanic generation so far has been to change the name of exisiting organizations and programs from "Chicano" to "Hispanic."

Nothing much has been created or built by the subsequent Hispanic generation. Our Chicano contributions stand alone."

Jose Angel Gutierrez
p 11-12, "The Making of A Chicano Militant: Lessons From Cristal"


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Wealthy corporations with big political connections began to disperse generous funds and endowments to upstart organizations that stressed the European "Hispanic" agenda. For example: National Council of La Raza (NCLR.org) was and still is financially supported by the Ford Motor Corporation.

Following the lead of Anglo-American government, corporate Anglo-America began to control the purse strings of organizations that publicly claimed to act in the interests of Mexicans. Now, these organizations could control Mexican and Chicano political agendas through a Cuban and Puerto Rican leadership buffer-group who insisted that their Spanish-surnames automatically qualified them to lead of all other with Spanish surnames, regardless of ethnicity or regional differences.

The Hispanic and Latino agenda was beginning to pay big dividends for Cuban and Puerto Rican political brokers, since their powers were "justified" by the majority Mexicans and Chicanos who supplied the bulk of their numbers. Without the massive numbers of Mexicans, Cuban-led organizations would die, and White Cubans and other White Hispanics would cease to act as a prosperous buffer-group to control Mexican agendas.

Controlling Mexicans through identity was considered essential to thwarting any challenges to White Anglo Protestant rule in the United States. How a person defines himself is directly related to the interests that person will act on behalf of. The Civil Rights Movement for African-Americans had already proved costly and embarrassing for the Anglo-American power structure. A "second wave" of Civil Rights activities (this time by Mexican-Americans) was viewed as another potential threat to the status-quo leadership of White America. The 1972 Nixon invention of "Hispanic" was the answer to White America's prayers. If "rebellious Mexicans" could not be physically controlled, they could perhaps be mentally conditioned to love European identity and support its perpetuation.





To many modern-day Chicanos and Chicano Movement leaders like Jose Angel Guitierrez, usage of a European identity like Hispanic or Latino is a continuation of the racial subheading of Mexicans under a White-European system of thought and culture. European identity is meant to be dominant, and Mexican identity is meant to be subservient. These Chicanos point out that both terms were invented by non-Mexican people (Europeans and Euroamericans) and are aggressively promoted by people of Spanish-European descent and interests.

Another fact pointed out is that while the majority of Spanish-speakers (Mexicans) live in southern California, the headquarters for major Spanish language media corporations is in Miami (a Cuban-Conservative stronghold). To many Chicanos, this Anglo-invented category of Hispanic/Latino has allowed anyone with a Spanish surname to "hijack" the heritage of Mexicans, who make up the bulk of Spanish speakers.






Results of the Latino-Hispanic agenda:

· U.S. Government and Cuban-owned media was able to assert control over Mexican ethnic identity and set a new precedent: to the extent that Mexicans are ignorant of their own history and interests, they can be persuaded to believe that a minority of White-Cuban leaders and businessmen would act in their best interests, based solely on shared Spanish surnames and Spanish language.


· Cuban and Puerto Rican political clout increased dramatically, bolstered by the numbers of Mexicans who were labeled as Latino/Hispanic.


· Mexicans gained mainstream acceptance and clout only to the degree that they rejected their "Mexican-ness" and adopted the Cuban-American model of Hispanic/Latino labels and American-style assimilation.


· Indigenous "flavor" of Mexican rights groups was successfully eradicated in favor of a European cultural doctrine


· Cuban and Puerto Rican political posts in U.S. government flourished, while Mexicans remained excluded, except as followers


· Groups that espouse "Mexican first" identities have been denounced as "extremist", while groups and magazines promoting "European first" identity (Latino/Hispanic) have been deemed more acceptable and superior


· Non-Mexican interest groups have been able to hijack Mexican-centric political agendas and divert political energies elsewhere


· "Mexicans leading Mexicans" philosophy replaced with "Cubans and Puerto Ricans leading Mexicans" agenda, and glamorized by Cuban-owned media


· Widespread Chicano solidarity destroyed and replaced with European aspirations and love of European identity (Latino-Hispanic)


· Chicano Studies programs in universities have been diluted with European identity programs (Latino/Hispanic studies). Chicano political aspirations have been stunted with the presence of this "European identity watchdog"
· Hispanic and Latino became umbrella terms that performed ethnic cleansing of a majority (Mexicans) and reprogrammed them in the interests of a European-style minority (Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and White Latin Americans).


· The Latino identity agenda has perpetuated a European-style racial caste system with Whites and Light-skinned people at the top (Cubans, Puerto Ricans, White Latin Americans), "Browns" occupying the middle tier (mainly Mexicans, Indigenous groups), and Blacks at the bottom (90 million Black Brazilians, Black Dominicans, Black Puerto Ricans, and Black Cubans).








Media Facts:
· Hispanic Magazine is headquartered in Coral Gables, Florida, despite that the largest Spanish-speaking communities live in Los Angeles, California. The magazine is owned and controlled primarily by Cuban-Americans and Puerto Ricans, who constitute a minority of the "Hispanic" ethnic group, even when added together.


· Latina Magazine was founded by Christy Haubegger and is headquartered in New York, New York. Haubegger is the adopted child of Anglo parents and insists on having Anglo firms like Solera Capital to fund her magazine. The magazine's CEO is Alvaro Saralegui, a Cuban-American, born in Havana, Cuba.

In an interview with the St. Petersburg Times, Haubeggar declared, "Imagine the thrill of seeing Jennifer Lopez [a Puerto Rican] on a magazine next to Kate Moss."
Besides Haubeggar, no persons of Mexican descent are on the magazine's executive staff or on the Board of Directors.
Christy Haubegger is proud of the European-style images her magazine projects.


· Univision Communications, the Spanish-language television network, is a Cuban-American enterprise, headquartered in Florida where the majority of Cuban-Americans reside. Polling data indicates that Cuban-Americans tend to vote heavily in favor of conservative White Anglo candidates and issues.



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HELP KEEP LATINO IDENTITY "LIGHT AND WHITE",
NOT MEXICAN AND BROWN:

SUPPORT CUBAN & PUERTO RICAN POLITICIANS AND MEDIA

KEEP THE DARK MEXICAN MAJORITY
IN THEIR PLACE



Crimes >> Click here to proceed


Disclaimer: While I acknowledge a deep debt to
Olin Tezcatlipoca and the Mexica Movement for the information on this web site,
I am not currently affiliated with them nor is this site currently "endorsed" by them.


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Not Latino. Not Hispanic. Not Mestizos. Not Raza.
We are full-blood and mixed-blood Indigenous people of Anahuac.
We are Chicana, Chicano, Indigenous human beings.
We are Mexica-Azteca, Zapotec, Huichole, Maya, Otomi, and more.
We are Anahuac.


*

Courage - Humility - Intelligence - Dignity - Honesty- Ethical behavior
Let's bring it back to our people.

Visit http://clubs.yahoo.com/clubs/chicanohistory
for discussion.

2002 © Copyright by Manuel

[YAUTIAPR]

[quote]Originally posted by innocents
[b]Hispanic & Latino:
Richard Nixon & The Roman Empire

You wrote:
____________________________________________________________
Jose Angel Gutierrez
p 11-12, "The Making of A Chicano Militant: Lessons From Cristal"
__________________________________________________________
I say:

I was part of the civil rights movement and read a lot of Jose Angel Gutierrez, I have pictures of him, Tijerina and
Corki Gonzalez. I am a Puerto Rican and have been in Cristal City, Texas many times. A lot of the people you would identify with have sold out and have been informers against their own people. Many of these leaders consider themselves Hispanics, Chicanos or Mexican Americans. One must forgive and not forget. But I say let's not divide and let the Anglo WASP conquer. Some Indians will not even speak to other Indians from Mexico, they are angry at things that happened 200 years ago and will not forgive their Apache brothers and sisters.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You write:
____________________________________________________________
Wealthy corporations with big political connections began to disperse generous funds and endowments to upstart organizations that stressed the European "Hispanic" agenda. For example: National Council of La Raza (NCLR.org) was and still is financially supported by the Ford Motor Corporation.

Following the lead of Anglo-American government, corporate Anglo-America began to control the purse strings of organizations that publicly claimed to act in the interests of Mexicans. Now, these organizations could control Mexican and Chicano political agendas through a Cuban and Puerto Rican leadership buffer-group who insisted that their Spanish-surnames automatically qualified them to lead of all other with Spanish surnames, regardless of ethnicity or regional differences.

The Hispanic and Latino agenda was beginning to pay big dividends for Cuban and Puerto Rican political brokers, since their powers were "justified" by the majority Mexicans and Chicanos who supplied the bulk of their numbers. Without the massive numbers of Mexicans, Cuban-led organizations would die, and White Cubans and other White Hispanics would cease to act as a prosperous buffer-group to control Mexican agendas.
____________________________________________________________

I write:

True, the US Gov. and large corporations have controlled the Hispanic and Latino agenda. But in the 70s the money was controlled by people like you in California. Since they needed a token Puerto Rican I was hired. I fought to get the money out of the hands of the Cubans from Dade County, Florida and into the hands of the people who had to write curriculum for their communities in Southern California, however they would hire Cubans and would promote stereotypes from Miami, ie. Blond, Blue eyed children with primers that looked and sounded like a Dick and Jane in Spanish.

Most of the people in this forum would not argue for a White Anglo Agenda, so please don't paint us all with
the same brush. Please do not include Puerto Ricans with
Cubans from Miami we do not like it! We are very different from them, trust me!
____________________________________________________________

You write

"Controlling Mexicans through identity was considered essential to thwarting any challenges to White Anglo Protestant rule in the United States. How a person defines himself is directly related to the interests that person will act on behalf of. The Civil Rights Movement for African-Americans had already proved costly and embarrassing for the Anglo-American power structure. A "second wave" of Civil Rights activities (this time by Mexican-Americans) was viewed as another potential threat to the status-quo leadership of White America. The 1972 Nixon invention of "Hispanic" was the answer to White America's prayers. If "rebellious Mexicans" could not be physically controlled, they could perhaps be mentally conditioned to love European identity and support its perpetuation."
------------------------------------------------------------
I write:

I worked with those of the second wave, some did become mentally conditioned and assimilated those Indo-European models, but not all. (See Dr. Alberto Ochoa). Some are still out there in the struggle. Others, like me, have remained at the grassroots level. Its not easy but when you understand how the European identity undermines our own identity, there is no way one can sell out! Many of the Blacks here have asimilated and are as bad as the White Cubans from Miami, creeme!

____________________________________________________________

NOT EVERY PUERTO RICAN WANTS TO BE IDENTIFIED WITH
"LIGHT AND WHITE" AND I HAVE NO PROBLEMS WITH
MEXICAN AND BROWN. THE MAN I SHARE MY LIFE WITH IS
MEXICAN AND VERY DARK BROWN.


____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________

SO WHEN YOU WRITE:

HELP KEEP LATINO IDENTITY "LIGHT AND WHITE",
NOT MEXICAN AND BROWN:

SUPPORT CUBAN & PUERTO RICAN POLITICIANS AND MEDIA

KEEP THE DARK MEXICAN MAJORITY
IN THEIR PLACE

__________________________________________________________

I say: Support Puerto Rican Political Prisoners, visit
those sites and please don't mix us up with the Cubans
from Miami or include us in the Media controlled by these Cubans!



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OK: you say:

Not Latino. Not Hispanic. Not Mestizos. Not Raza.
We are full-blood and mixed-blood Indigenous people of Anahuac.
We are Chicana, Chicano, Indigenous human beings.
We are Mexica-Azteca, Zapotec, Huichole, Maya, Otomi, and more.
We are Anahuac.
___________________________________________________________

I say:

I accept an respect your identity, you are Anahuac. But I say don't put my identity down I am Boricua!
I am not assimilated and I struggle " Por la Soberania de los Pueblos" and that includes many Indigenous people in Mexico, the USA and Central America! I have dedicated my life to "la Soberania de los Pueblos".

I follow the path of beauty, humility, courage, dignity and I identify with the pain of humanity, I am in search for the
truth and above all I believe in "el anhelo de amar y ser amada!"
*
By the way there is no such thing as:

Visit [url]http://clubs.yahoo.com/clubs/chicanohistory[/ur

I checked it out!
Hasta La Victoria Siempre, Venceremos!

YautiaPR

[dosSantos]

Hispanic is an old word from the time of the romans. Hispania is the roman word for Iberia. Hispanics where from Iberia, therefore hispanics are Spanish and Portuguese people.

Of course it is used in the americas as refering to people who are descended from either Portugal or spain.

at least thats the way I've understood it.

[BellaBe]

In 2001 I was temping as an Executive Assistant for my friend who owns his own investment firm. He asked me if I buy Latina Magazine and I said Hell NO. He asked me why, I said to him b/c they don't feature ALL of my Peoples. In my family we are from the darkest to the lightest and they do not represent everyone. He called Christy Haubegger up and asked her why. Her reply was that "dark skinned Puerto Ricans, Dominicans etc. represent less than 10%". If I could reach through the phone cords..... Anyway with a Law Degree and stupid. I had to get that off my chest.

VERY GOOD article, there.
I had to keep going back to it in order to finish it, but it was worth it.

I am dark skinned, and I don't like how putting "black" before nationality leads to a certain label and perception. When I move to PR, who cares that I am dark? But here, it means everything census-wise. As if THAT has anything to do with "class." (btw, class is knowing how to treat others BETTER than yourself, not THINKING you're BETTER than someone who has been labeled by mainstream media to be INFERIOR to another group(s) based on the color of their skin). I feel very strongly about this.

I don't buy this nonsense about "Latin" American countries not being divided by skin color/"race" as it is by "class" and society, etc... to an extent it is -- but you cannot argue that segregation and division still exists based more on skin color.. the divide-and-conquer strategy by the mestizos/whites adn subjugation of the darker peoples, prevent them from accessing educational tools -- thus thereby relegating them to GENERATIONS of poverty (case in point, Hispaniola).

(as another poster in another thread addressed that some Boricuas married within a certain group, to make sure they stayed as white-looking as possible and continued that way even to this day -- some of those same people only claim to be Puerto Rican when it is popular to claim such -- NEVER when the EVERYDAY Bori is struggling to find his/her identity in this label-crazy world)

Originally posted by BellaBe
In 2001 I was temping as an Executive Assistant for my friend who owns his own investment firm. He asked me if I buy Latina Magazine and I said Hell NO. He asked me why, I said to him b/c they don't feature ALL of my Peoples. In my family we are from the darkest to the lightest and they do not represent everyone. He called Christy Haubegger up and asked her why. Her reply was that "dark skinned Puerto Ricans, Dominicans etc. represent less than 10%". If I could reach through the phone cords..... Anyway with a Law Degree and stupid. I had to get that off my chest.

LOL... I know right? I would've done it for you!
70% of Cubans are brown or darker, more than half of Dominicans, sure less than 10% of HAITIANS are LIGHT, but to say darker people only represent 10% of the Latin American community??? And don't get me started about how people try to suppress the LARGE number of brown/dark Puerto Ricans that we NEVER hear about and that is why I hate that "Black Puerto Rican" label. Sure, cling to the african ways, if they are passed down in your family -- but don't ignore the latent message that this label sends!!! Whole pueblos like Canovanas, Loiza, Mayaguez and many others with all these dark people and you say they don't make up but 10% of the population? LOL

I feel ya...